Market definition and structure
Market shares
Sources used in this module
Market definition: EU Market Definition Notice 2024 update on non-price/zero-price and multi-sided evidence. India: s. 2(r), 2(s), 19(7). US: DOJ–FTC substitutability.
Dominance: EU art. 102; Hoffmann-La Roche; AKZO threshold cues. India: s. 4 and s. 19(4) factors. US: §2 monopoly power requires high share and direct evidence.
HHI/CR4 shown for structure only in dominance; legal finding depends on the jurisdictional tests.
Results and conduct
HHI
CR4
Dominance score
Indicative outcome
Conduct selector
Inputs
Sources used in this module
Horizontal: EU art. 101 object restrictions; US per se under §1; India s. 3(3) presumption.
Vertical: EU VBER 30 percent and hardcore list; India s. 3(4) effects-based; US RPM rule of reason (Leegin).
Results
Hardcore risk
Anticompetitive effects
Exemption likelihood
Indicative outcome
Inputs
Sources used in this module
US screens: 2023 Merger Guidelines structural presumptions using HHI and ΔHHI.
EU: Horizontal Merger Guidelines indicative safe harbours for HHI and ΔHHI.
India: AAEC multifactor analysis; no formal HHI screens.
Unilateral effects: UPP/GUPPI with diversion and margins.